is dr steven gundry a seventh day adventist is dr steven gundry a seventh day adventist

This is another example of hypothesis or fiction presented as an established fact because Dr. Gundry has a white beard like Santa and a medical degree. Thanks for the comments, Patricia. It confirmed my suspicions. That is probably because you have questions. And he launched into another 10 minutes of his pitch! So hes no low-life scam artist. Would like to try some of your new mix of supplement for rejuvenation of the gut?? And when he stopped speaking, the screen still showed the Next button. Shame, shame., Fake Dietary Science Undermines Valid Dietary Recommendations. Use a probiotic. Just ignore the bombastic tone and take whatever seems useful. Dr Gundry says this process is crucial to great nutrition. You can count on us for all your medical and wellness needs - from primary to specialty care. We did, indeed, eat a high-meat diet. Startseite; Die Bckerei. As a ketogenic diet, is his diet (minus the pills) any good? Glass houses, and all. Richard Johnson is one of the worlds foremost fructose experts and he thinks I am right. Do you have any comments? Dr. Gundry, Mikhaila Peterson, Saeju Jeong, and Alyssa Newcomb Guliver / Getty Images. For people with autoimmune conditions, some people do feel better with a reduction in intake of gluten (which is found in some grains), however, this is recommended to be managed on a case by case basis, she said. Hamblin also interviews Gundry which is particularly revelatory as to Gundrys lack of credibility. I cant say that I have debunked leaky gut. Except his conspiracy theories are in the area of food and effects on health. As humans do not make Neu5Gc, or so he asserts, eating lectins, and particularly grain lectins, bind to our tissues which lays the groundwork for heart and autoimmune diseases in spades. After about a minute of silence, he said, I see that your are still here. Mixed into these absurd assertions is her bogus detox diet and cleansing advice, all of it in service of promoting Goops beauty and wellness products, Atrial fibrillation occurs when the normal, regular, synchronous action of the upper chambers of the heart becomes chaotic, rapid, and inefficient. Its not Brown rice; its all rice grown in the Southeastern states like Alabama LA, SC, MS etc because they used to be the big cotton growing states and the fields were liberally laced with arsenic to fight the boll weevil. Steven has been a famous dietician, author, and doctor. Dr Longo s book is essentially vegan with a lot of fasting. 10 October 2020. Therefore, Dr. Steven Gundry has an estimated net worth of $8 million. There is an ongoing scientific debate about this and we await solid data that we should limit animal proteins and fats. Is there a trend emerging here? He was raised by American parents in Omaha, Nebraska. Gundry earned most of his wealth from working as a cardiac surgeon at the Seventh-day Adventist Loma Linda University School of Medicine. Pr Neil Marks - The Creator According To Job. Did you try to get your money back? Dr. Guidry is a Flim-Flam-Man who is only interested in selling his health shakes and supplements to make his fortune. I wasted my time. Later, Steven completed residencies in General Surgery and Thoracic Surgery at the University of Michigan. The references that are cited in this book do a poor job of trying to justify its claims. Instead of being on the toilet all the time it has been helping me not have to take the liness and being in the bathroom for hours with the prescription. Any I dont mind being scrutinized by skepticsI dont mind being proven wrong but until that time comes I am obligated to share this information. So much media is guilty of this, all for the $$. There, Dr. Gundry works as Medical Director. A level in which they dont have as much overhead and make a whole lot more money. It shouldnt have taken that long. In 2002, Dr. Gundry left his position as chairman of cardiothoracic surgery at Loma Linda University to focus on food-based health interventions. A seventh day adventist is someone who is committed to their faith and lives in the world of the savior. I just heard a new quack, Dr. Rand McClain, selling TeloGenesis. He has earned huge fame through his work. Shared by Steven Gundry. thank you, Thank you for this informative article. Of course, Gundry is the only person with the brilliance and insight to have recognized this. Dr. Steven Gundry is a seven-day Adventist. So yes, it would be best to pass on any diet that cuts out food groups, like the Plant Paradox Diet, and instead stick to an eating plan that focuses on whole, nutrient-rich foods. I note his contribution is as much a fact as any other unsupported assertion, and can be equally ignored. in 1972. Siebenbrgische Spezialitten Erzeugnisse aus der Heimat nach original Rezepten. They also live in areas with very little pollution. The American Heart Association issued an expression of concern, warning that the abstract may not be reliable and that, among other problems, there were "no statistical analyses for significance provided, and the author is not clear that only anecdotal data was used. Why is this is it the ingredients? He is passionate about his books and has a very large knowledge of nutrition and medicine. 50 minutes of that crap and no steak knives. Normally this wouldnt be a problem as the vast majority of rice has the brown layer removed, but in this case it caused elevated levels of lead in quite a few infants. The first is from T. Colin Campbell of China Study fame. There are so many of these charlatans fleecing the public in so many different areas it is overwhelming. That was 18 months ago so the next landing is due.. Hes more like a high-life self deluded fool. The Plant Paradox: The Hidden Dangers in Healthy Foods That Cause Disease and Weight Gain. (Both also require other nutrients, including protein.). Because minutes and minutes later you are still waiting for this One Simple Fact/Truth/Food/Exercise/Whatever And youll wait more and more and more. Lectins are proteins that lose their all important shape on heating, making them innocuous.Gundry has ruined his reputation with his very harmful scam.He shoud be be prosecuted like some other scam artists have been prosecuted. https://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/1017p10.shtml, https://www.livescience.com/what-are-lectins-plant-paradox, Harry Knowles Net Worth | Wife (Patricia Cho Jones), Phoebe Combes Net Worth | Biography & Age. His beliefs have not been confirmed by scientific studies. He finally comes to the Sales of his own product.. Dont listen to him. Recently a doctor told me, I read too much. Steven Gundry organized cardiac surgery research in 1990. Though he was not a licensed dietician, he advised his patients to focus on heart health that was usually followed by the traditional wisdom of the western diet. None of the articles talk about lipopolysaccharides, so Im left feeling like Monsanto told you leaky gut doesnt exist. This time I gained 15 pds. However it draws attention to a very important issue, that we still dont quiet understand: inflammation, and how its related to what we eat. Its the fashionista, colour- choice of spectacle-frames that (Yes, Im being Judgemental) puts me off before he starts selling the benefits of essential (proprietary) supplements, at $?? In light of Dr. Gundrys over zealous mission to save the eater from himself as an act of selfless service, I cant help but notice selfies in Palm Springs and his push for organic foods and supplements donut eaters cant afford, not to mention those way past his age glasses. For instance, one of his supplements is called Gundry MD Bio Complete 3. It is a supplement that claims to combat leaky gut and improve gut health through dietary fiber and butyrate. Proudly powered by WordPress how to pronounce canadian cities. Here are nine things you should know about that denomination: 1. Im so glad to run across your website that confirms my suspicions. Spinach, one of natures most nutrient-dense vegetables, is high in vitamins A, K, and folate while being low in calories. He admits that his patients give up to a dozen vials of blood for testing every couple of months at his clinic. I was listening to Gundrys infomercial on his latest product that includes polyphenols which he said only he has figured out can fix dark spots. Because his claims are quite profound and novel, referencing of the findings of others and his own results are especially important. I know it works because over many decades I have used this model to successfully treat thousands of patients. Anthony: I love your post. I actually wondered if He was a doctor or an actor. What is the most nutritious food on the planet? In spite of the fact that he isnt completely trustworthy, we shouldnt discard his views just yet. I am the Director and Founder of the International Heart & Lung Institute as well as the Center for Restorative Medicine in Palm Springs and Santa Barbara, CA.. Tomatoes are a staple. Then, he founded The Center for Restorative Medicine as well as The International Heart and Lung Institute in Palm Springs, California. , Optimist, I can agree with a lot of what you say. And Im glad you approve of full fat yogurt my yogurt maker has payed for itself many times over and I dont add sugar. Gundry himself states that you can even send back the empty . Cant believe my local PBS station was promoting The Plant Paradox on a show sponsored by Blue Cross of Florida. You can not compare the Inuit diet with the S.A.D. Instead of taking pills for allergies, diabetes II, arthritis, heart disease etc, changing a bit our lifestyles and what we eat would be a better way in my humble opinion. At the time I considered writing about it but never got around to it. Its been a recognized problem in baby foods (see Consumer Reports). However, Dr. Gundry and his minions send me threatening legal letters when I use the word quack to describe him. In Loma Linda, did Dr. Gundry work? He has a disputation argument that lectins (a type of plant protein found in many foods) cause inflammation that is the main cause of modern diseases. If he still has his practice I surmise that hoodwinkcockledoodleado will not fly wirh them and I believe he has the good sense not to try it wirh his patients. In his book, The Plant Paradox, Steven offers a list of diseases that have resolved in people following his lectin-avoidance protocol, including: However, according to research, eating foods that contain lectins has no health concerns. Avocados are not only lectin-free, but they are also a great source of vitamin C and potassium. Im very ill and just want to feel normal again and dont really want to be on pain meds. If this thing work you can introduce your product here. [13], In 2002 Gundry began transitioning from Clinical Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Loma Linda University School of Medicine (a well-known Seventh-day Adventist institution near Los Angeles) to private practice by starting The International Heart & Lung Institute in Palm Springs, California. Namely read the book. Dr. Steven Gundry was born on July 11, 1950, in Omaha, Nebraska, United States. [28], Harriet Hall of Science-Based Medicine has noted that Gundry's alleged evidence for the benefits of a lectin-free diet are anecdotal and meaningless as there are no studies with control groups in the medical literature to support his claims. Case in point: If Pasta, Rice, Bread, Tortillas, Tomatoes, Cucumbers, Tofu, Lentils, Beans, Eggplant, Yogurt, Chili Peppers, Chia Seeds, Goji Berries, Oatmeal, Kefir, Corn, Quinoa were so bad, then how come the majority of people in Italy, China, Japan, Mexico, India, Greece, France, Ireland are super healthy and thin? Campbell begins: The claims come fast and furious in this book, stated with a degree of certainty, without nuance, that undoubtedly appeals to many readers. I listened to Dr. Gundrys spiel and waited until the end, but I lost any trust in this man or is overpriced supplement when he applied pressure of must need to buy within 24 hours! Dr. Steven Gundry is a seven-day Adventist. In 2022, he authored Unlocking the Keto Code which promotes a lectin-free ketogenic diet consisting of goat and sheep dairy products, fermented foods, grass-fed beef, shellfish, olive oil and red wine. Writing in New Scientist, food writer and chef Anthony Warner notes that Gundry's theories "are not supported by mainstream nutritional science" and that evidence of the benefits of high-lectin containing diets "is so overwhelming as to render Gundrys arguments laughable". That said, I am highly skeptical of Dr. Gundrys lectin hypothesis, but in response to the above comment on Dr. William Davis Wheat Belly book, the scientific evidence it clear. in 1972. Science 101. oxygen is not a theoretical toxin with theoretical harms in people; it is a known toxic with established harms. They sell their information. Amen like Gundry uses infomercials to promote their scammy concepts. Modern wheat and the WGA protein, in particular, is terrible for optimal human health. Gundry is best known for casting doubt on a handful of foods widely thought to be healthy. But where are the steak knives! Another is a lectin shield thats designed to neutralize the effects of lectins. These are available on his website for $79.99. Then refused to write a prescription for cymbalta because it had a black box warning. Although I dont see his diet causing harm to people. His mission is to improve health, happiness, and longevity through a unique vision of human nutrition. There are so many of these guys making millions off of innocent people. Headquarters: Silver Spring, Maryland If going down this path, not only fiber but all carbs must be mostly avoided. His infomercials sounds like hes selling snake oil, actually letting us know that hes a snake oil salesman in the process. Dr. Steven Gundry is a cardiothoracic surgeon, heart surgeon, medical researcher, and author. Gundry himself states that you can even send back the empty containers to receive the refund. Quack or not, by whatever definition, hes not the only one. i totally agree with you: they should be have feathers glued on his bottom and made to do the rooster dance and sing cockledoodleado until his sense of decency and compassion for other human beings returns! He has also included the use of lectins and avoiding their use in his second book. Anybody who says that beans and brown rice are unhealthy foods is a nut and should be ignored. It is a money crop. He is selling people a be-young-and-energetic-again dream, which does not exist. And I listened to Dr Gundrys video presentation in its entirety to see what techniques he used. One dead giveaway that something was amiss with this beware the dreaded leptins is this: if tomatoes and other nightshades are so toxic, why does the Mediterranean Diet work so well? He is a Seventh Day Adventist. Their Sabbath is on Saturday. In my opinion Gundry is a total quack! Steven Gundry was born on July 11, 1950. But that is not the Seventh-day Adventist. Zealots like John Kellogg, Lenna Cooper, Ancel Keys and subsequent proponents of the misguided and seemingly misanthropic message they instigated (even above-quoted T. Colin Campbell) have been attempting to convince humans that were herbivorous or should eat less fat, cholesterol or salt for over a century and that should be called out and ignored, or even penalised given the accumulated damaging consequences. Please let us know how the refund process works. December 11, 2022 I have been taken the three supplements for a month now, Total restore, lectin, and biomedical. Ketogenic diets, though rooted in long-lived nutrition principles, have led to a startling misconception about how they work. [9][10], People reported in 1990 that an infant boy's heart spontaneously healed itself while waiting weeks on life support for a transplant from Gundry and Leonard Bailey. Although Gundry is not a Seventh Day Adventist, he has kept his personal life private. They feed on peoples paranoia and their desire to find the right snake oil for them. Constipated all the time;;Oh and the supplements he keeps sending them whether you ordered them or not. The most notable is celebrity Kelly Clarkson who revealed she lost 17kg following Gundrys Plant Paradox Diet. It is not often we hear from those who have consumed the Inuit diet. These money back guarantees are not always honored and it woul be nice to know if GGundry does. -Pretty much all camps agree that inflammation plays an important part in the development of our major chronic diseases but science has not shown us the cure, merely suggested multiple possible causes.. Gundry definitely hasnt contributed anything in this area. Good fats and fibre abound in avocados. While there are no known relationships between Gundry and his wife, Gundry does love to write books and articles about the health benefits of a plant-based diet. [1][6][7] He sells supplements that he claims protect against or reverse the supposedly damaging effects of lectins. Gwyneth Paltrow (GOOP) deserves a prominent place in the Quackery Hall of Shame. Seventh-day Adventist Church Also Known As: Adventists Known For: Protestant Christian denomination known for its observance of a Saturday Sabbath and belief that the second coming of Jesus Christ is imminent. Lectin-rich foods, such as oats and oatmeal, fall into one of the major types of plant foods. Snake oil salesman seems to be OK and he is the king of SOS. Daniel Amen is another snake oil salesman. And in this specific example from Dr Gundry, just bear in mind he has already had a lucrative career as a surgeon and if he genuinely wanted to help people he would be publishing scientifically proven information to the world without seeking monetary gain. Spent too much time reading Gundrys paradoxes. that of Dr Campbell, Buettners books, or nutritional / medical science in general, understanding how the human metabolism works, the role of insulin, IGF-1, etc. I think you should also Review the contents of Wheat Belly Blog by Dr William Davis. Holly, according to Steve, you are clearly a nut naughty nut! Wish Id found this article before I ordered his nonsense! Well, Gundry suggests to cook your veggies, especially beans in a pressure cooker to get rid of the lectins which is probably a good idea. Today, I'm going to tell you the number one food worse than sugar and your mind habits sitting in your pantry. I was willing to keep an open mind until i saw the glowing endorsement by Tony Robbins (whom i had encountered many years ago at a corporate sponsored Fire Walk. Im always suspect of anyone who says, Im just here to help. Not that everything he says is wrong.. but maybe a little extreme and definitely money-driven. We recently got scammed and it has made me suspicious of all the things that Ive been buying for myself and animals. What is Dr. Gundrys formula for fading the appearance of wrinkles? Read The Blue Zones. Personally, I feel sorry for them! Volume 38. The money back garrentee is what usually gets me. Steven Gundry was born and raised in Omaha, Nebraska to a Valedictorian mother and a people-loving father who was, in turn, a sales industry champion. Steven Gundry is an American physician and author. Thats basically it. So not stupid but just to trusting in people Ive been that way my whole life and have been so hurt by it. Dr. Oz should be have feathers glued on his bottom and made to do the rooster dance and sing cockledoodleado until his sense of decency and compassion for other human beings returns. [4], He is known for his disputed claims that lectins, a type of plant protein found in numerous foods, cause inflammation resulting in many modern diseases. He has been successful in combining his love of writing with his passion for medicine. Dr. Gundry coined the term lectin-free diet. Lectins are a type of protein that supports communication between cells and promotes cell development in humans. These charlatans all need to be investigated by an unbiased 3rd party and then put out of business. But probably good to avoid and Gundry adds to the already accumulating evidence that grains were something we had to start to resort to eat a few thousand years ago and we are probably not too well adapted to eat. There are no known conflicts of interest regarding his religion. But when you say it has a lot of science behind it, tell me exactly what you think he says that is supported by good science. Currently, he is 71 years old. He has also written a recipe book that was accompanied in 2018. My opinion is that your ego and greed for money has taken you down this path of teaching this misinformation. have been dethroned by this new superfood, which does not contain lectins. I lived above the Arctic Circle in my formative years in an Inuit village. Shame on you Dr. Gundry, you should be put in jail for your lies and false hope for suffering people who dont have the money for your snake oil made by a true snake!!! Daniel Gregory Amen (born July 19, 1954)[1] is an American celebrity doctor[1] who practices as a psychiatrist[2] and brain disorder specialist[3] as director of the Amen Clinics. Heres a reasonable discussion of the theory which is frequently embraced by alternative practitioners https://www.badgut.org/information-centre/a-z-digestive-topics/leaky-gut-syndrome/. In Switzerland we used to have a saying that goes like this: Friss die Haelfte. In 1990, people reported that an infant boys heart heals it when left for weeks on life support for a transplant. Robert H. Eckel, an endocrinologist and past president of theAmerican Heart Association, stated that Gundry's diet advice was "against every dietary recommendation represented by theAmerican Cancer Society, American Heart Association,American Diabetes Associationand so on.. My take on that sentence was that you were being humorous and that you were saying he doesnt say outrageous things about his personal life. Besides, the need for so many Extras tells me that his protocol is defective, being deficient in these essential nutrients! He has made so much $$ off folks who just want to feel better. All times AEDT (GMT +11). He began his career as a clinical professor at the Loma Linda University School of Medicine. Hes also the Director and Founder of his clinic, The International Heart & Lung Institute for Restorative Medicine in Palm Springs and Santa Barbara. EVERYONE OUT THERE TRY THOS PROGRAM IT WORKS !! Also, the scientifically proven health benefits of consuming beans and whole grains, such as improved cardiovascular health, reduced inflammation, and blood sugar level, far outweigh any concerns regarding their lectin content. He should be thrown in jail for fraud. Ive just started chemo and have been looking for ways to both assist my bodys natural healing processes and deal with raging indigestion, but I also know that theres a mega-billion marketing industry out there. Religion is the worst invention of Humanity. Is the Thrustmaster T80 Compatible With PC Or Console? Gundry came across my radar screen due to the popularity of his useless supplements and his pseudoscientific justifications. Because they never figured out the trigger or pathology of the disease, their concept never made it out of academic medicine. According to his website, This groundbreaking new formula was created to offset the discomforting effects of lectins (proteins commonly found in plants that make them harder to digest). He was raised by American parents in Omaha, Nebraska. Gundry should be investigated and shut down by the FTC who famously also shut Kevin Trudeau down. For example, throughout history major depression was always associated with a loss of appetite and weight loss. [25] Gundry's ketogenic diet encourages the consumption of polyphenols, time-restricted eating and "mitochondrial uncoupling" to facilitate weight loss. I have like 8jars of the vital reds and just recently bought the probiotic and it has helped me instead of taking my prescriptions linzess. Because of the focus on his personal faith, Carson became the most prominent American member of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Hes right about a few things: dont eat in the evening (allow yourself to fast), avoid processed foods (and sugars), and theres no such thing as pre-diabetes: if youre approaching the low hundreds, avoid sugars and processed foods ASAP. Yeah, DR. Gundry mentioned Dr. Oz I deleted my history and moved on. There are no known controversies surrounding Gundrys beliefs. Theme: Newsup by Themeansar. In 2002, he moved into private practice and established the International Heart and Lung Institute. What is Spawning Protection in Minecraft. Better still, try a supplement like Bio Complete 3, Dr/ Gundry's ground-breaking three-in-one . J. N. Loughborough (1832-1924) - early Seventh-day Adventist pastor [119] [120] William Miller (1782-1849) - founder of the Millerite movement from which Seventh-day Adventism and other groups emerged [121] [122] George Washington Morse (1816-1909) - Millerite Adventist; evangelist and missionary. However, some people mistakenly think that the SDA Church is teaching that Jesus is a created angel and therefore not truly divine. Oh my I feel so fullish to have purchased all of the products that I have so far. Dr. Steven Gundry first coined the term "lectin-free diet." He is a former heart surgeon who now promotes alternative diets and supplements. But its just the same old BS dressed in new clothes. Lectin Shield works to protect your body from a pile-up of lectins and to promote full-body comfort.. According to Dr. Gundry's website, the detox program involves a strict lectin-free diet for 3 days, plus a daily regimen of light exercise and drinking at least 8 cups (1.9 liters) of water, tea . Thomas, Thanks for providing some details on how the Gundry marketing system works in reality. What is Steven Gundrys net worth? Smart man. Is it possible that Dr. Gundry is just out to make a quick buck? I believe that highly processed food is neurotoxic and over time it can trigger a form of food-induced brain dysfunction that I call Carbohydrate Associated Reversible Brain syndrome or CARB syndrome. How can we know which food is the healthiest for the planet in 2020? ) He started providing consultancy to many of his patients through The Center for Restorative Medicine (branch of his private practice). He believes our ancestors couldnt run to the supermarket when they ran out of food, so their bodies adapted to being able to process and store energy when needed. Steven Gundry organized cardiac surgery research in 1990. Gundry has mentioned a new high-fiber superfood called zen basil seeds, which you may have heard him discuss. 16 mg (2 billion CFU) Bacillus coagulans; all types of beans (kidney beans, white beans, Adzuki beans, etc. The atmosphere of our planet is thus highly analogous to the dietary sources of lectins: both contain compounds with potentially toxic effects, but net benefit is overwhelming both from eating plants, and breathing. I had not previously heard of this doctor but his Wikipedia entry certainly makes him sound like a big time charlatan. Over the years, the actress has proclaimed women should steam their vaginas, that water has feelings, and that your body holds secret organs. "[1], Gundry sells supplements that he claims protect against the damaging effect of lectins. Some of the healthiest people I know eat: tomatoes, potatoes, egg plant.. one is a 60 year old triathlete with no joint issues, etc. Amazing that folks still get away with so much BS. This extensive testing, (which are another topic), is almost always used to demonstrate some type of nutritional pathology, which of course can only be corrected by taking the suggested supplements. Can limiting how much meat and dairy you eat help you live longer? Dr. Steven Gundry MD Dr. Steven Gundry MD Reviews ( 527 reviews ) Website: www.GundryMD.com Write a Review Dr. Steven Gundry MD Customer Reviews Sort Reviews By: Julie Just keep on taking care of myself. Your email address will not be published. Subscribe to Videos. Im so glad to read this article so I can happily go back to eating tomatoes again.AARP also says they are very good for eyesight because of lycopene and antioxidants. If i take your total do I need to stop taking my pills. Theres no doubt Gundrys claims have caused controversy. my name is Maura i am taking pills or my high blood pressure and pill for to prevent diabetis and 1/2 pill sleeping pills. In his most recent book, he wrote about the importance of a plant-based diet and its benefits for the human body. [22] Gundry writes articles for Gwyneth Paltrow's Goop website, which has been criticized for promoting quackery. ", "Going 'lectin-free' is the latest pseudoscience diet fad", "The Next Gluten-Level Obsession Could Be Lectins", "20032005 Bulletin Loma Linda University", "About Steven Gundry Global Wellness Institute", "Center for Restoritive Medicine 9 Ways to Better Health", "No, You Probably Shouldn't Follow Kelly Clarkson's 'Lectin-Free' Diet", "The Dr. Gundry Podcast on Apple Podcasts", "Gwyneth Paltrow and Goop: Another triumph of celebrity pseudoscience and quackery", "Unlocking the Keto Code: The Revolutionary New Science of Keto That Offers More Benefits Without Deprivation", "Lectin-free is the new food fad that deserves to be skewered", "Fact Check Research abstract is not reliable evidence of a link between mRNA vaccines and heart disease", "Concerns raised about legitimacy of research linking vaccines and heart attacks", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steven_Gundry&oldid=1138290702, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 8 February 2023, at 22:39.